1.動名詞
動名詞本質(zhì)上是個名詞,只不過由v.加了-ing后變過來的,所以名詞能夠擔(dān)任的成分動名詞都能夠充當(dāng)。
作主語:However,reaching the conclusion that change is inevitable is not the same as assuming that‘change is always for the better’.(C6T4)
分析:該主語可還原成“That we reach the conclusion”,即主語從句。很顯然,從句結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜,其重點(diǎn)沒有動名詞作主語突出。
應(yīng)用:
1.動賓結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時,建議使用動名詞。
2.動名詞的使用可以避免過多的“people”,“we”,“you”作主語的情況,在實(shí)現(xiàn)語法靈活的同時(滿足了Grammar的要求),避免了重復(fù)用詞(滿足了Lexical resource的要求)。
作賓語:At school,children will experience working and living with people from a variety of backgrounds from the wider society.(C8T1)
應(yīng)用:建議小伙伴在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中多積累諸如“delay doing”,“endure doing”這樣后面跟動名詞(doing)的動詞。
2.介詞短語
除了非謂語動詞,介詞短語在句法功能上與非謂語動詞類似,也是主從句經(jīng)常使用的替換手段。介詞短語,顧名思義,即“介詞+名詞短語”的組合,在英文句子中通常作表語、定語、狀語。
作表語:This is because it is the rich and powerful people in our society who are able to impose changes that are in their own interests.(C6T4)
作定語:The pressure from the media is intense and there is little privacy out of the spotlight.(C6T2)
作狀語:Secondly,when someone feels they are improving or developing their skills through training opportunities,...(C10T3)
分析:介詞短語“through training opportunities”作狀語,表方式。
應(yīng)用:“介詞+n.”在句子中通常作表語、定語、狀語,可表時間、表地點(diǎn)、表原因、表方式。和非謂語動詞在句子中的效果差不多,都可使文章簡潔。
3.非謂語動詞+非謂語動詞
A lot of innovations are made with the aim of making money for a few.(C6T4)
分析:分詞(made)+介詞短語(with the aim of:表目的)+動名詞(making money)+介詞短語(for a few:限定,使內(nèi)容更具體)
應(yīng)用:幾個非謂語動詞可以互相搭配出現(xiàn)在簡單句中,有兩個功能:
1.使所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容更加具體;
2.兼顧邏輯功能。
4.非謂語動詞+復(fù)合句
由于非謂語動詞、介詞短語與三種復(fù)合句各有各的語法功能與邏輯功能,這些語法單位的合理結(jié)合使得文章簡潔、緊湊且極具邏輯性。
Those who feel that sports starts salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent is very few,and the money is a recognitionof the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful.(C6T2)
分析:定語從句(“who”引導(dǎo))+(定語從句)“that”引導(dǎo)+(定語從句)“that”引導(dǎo)+介詞短語(with real talent作定語修飾“professionals”,起限定作用,使所表達(dá)內(nèi)容更具體)+介詞短語(of the skills作“recognition”的定語,起限定作用,使內(nèi)容更具體)+不定式(“to be successful”作“need”的補(bǔ)語)。
應(yīng)用:建議小伙伴適當(dāng)使用從句,使用前考慮:該含義是否可用簡單句表達(dá)(能用簡單句的就不用復(fù)合句)。與此同時,在句意完整的情況下,使用相應(yīng)的非謂語動詞和介詞短語起限定作用,使文章內(nèi)容更具體。
“不定式”含“尚未做”的含義;分詞本質(zhì)上是形容詞、副詞,“現(xiàn)在分詞”和邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系,而過去分詞與其是被動關(guān)系;“動名詞”本質(zhì)上是名詞,故往往作主語、賓語和表語;“介詞短語”可替換形容詞、副詞,用作表語、定語和狀語。
希望小伙伴們通過近期我們對非謂語動詞、介詞短語與寫作結(jié)合的分析中受到啟發(fā),平時多加分析范文,活用其中的地道短語、語法結(jié)構(gòu),在考試中取得理想成績!